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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...

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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification
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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Published on: September 21, 2011

Green chromatography.

Justyna Płotka1, Marek Tobiszewski, Anna Maria Sulej

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland. plotkajustyna@gmail.com

Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study explores green chromatography techniques to minimize environmental impact in analyzing organic compounds. Key strategies include reducing solvent use, employing solventless extraction, and optimizing carrier gases for sustainable chemical analysis.

Keywords:
Green analytical chemistryGreen chemistry techniquesGreen gas chromatographyGreen liquid chromatographyGreen sample preparation

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A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
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A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification
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A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Organic compound analysis is crucial across many fields.
  • Traditional chromatographic methods often have significant environmental impacts.
  • Developing greener analytical techniques is essential for sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize approaches for achieving green chromatography.
  • To highlight methods for reducing the environmental footprint of chromatographic analyses.
  • To discuss advancements in making gas and liquid chromatography more sustainable.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of solventless extraction techniques.
  • Minimization of solvent consumption in liquid chromatography.
  • Transitioning from helium to alternative carrier gases in gas chromatography.
  • Utilizing low thermal mass technology for energy savings in GC.
  • Application of multidimensional separation techniques.
  • Considering the proximity of instrumentation to sample collection points.

Main Results:

  • Solventless extraction and solvent minimization are effective strategies.
  • Alternative carrier gases and low thermal mass technology enhance GC sustainability.
  • Reducing toxic solvent use improves LC environmental performance.
  • Multidimensional techniques offer greener analytical potential for both GC and LC.
  • Instrument placement significantly influences overall method environmental impact.

Conclusions:

  • Green chromatography principles can be applied across all analytical stages.
  • Practical implementation involves solvent reduction, alternative materials, and energy efficiency.
  • Sustainable analytical practices are achievable through strategic method development and implementation.