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Acute cerebellitis following hemolytic streptococcal infection

Hiromasa Uchizono1, Tadashi Iwasa, Hidemi Toyoda

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan.

Pediatric Neurology
|August 13, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Acute cerebellitis, a rare childhood inflammatory syndrome, can be triggered by group A streptococcal infections. This case highlights a potential post-infectious autoimmune reaction affecting the cerebellum.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory condition in children.
  • It can stem from infectious or autoimmune causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of acute cerebellitis following group A streptococcal infection.
  • To highlight a potential post-infectious autoimmune mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Case description of a 7-year-old girl.
  • Cerebellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for autoantibodies.

Main Results:

  • MRI revealed diffuse cerebellar swelling, edema, and hydrocephalus.
  • Autoantibodies against glutamate receptor δ2 were detected in CSF.
  • This suggests an autoimmune response post-infection.

Conclusions:

  • Group A streptococcal infection can lead to acute cerebellitis.
  • This case expands the known infectious triggers for cerebellitis.
  • Post-infectious autoimmune mechanisms are implicated.
Abstract

Keywords:
autoantibodies against glutamate receptor δ2cerebellitishemolytic streptococcal infection

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