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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
03:14

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia

Published on: January 31, 2025

Epidural failure rate using a standardised definition.

A Thangamuthu1, I F Russell, M Purva

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, UK.

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A standardized definition revealed a 23% epidural failure rate. Trainee experience significantly impacts epidural success, with less experienced doctors showing higher failure and re-site rates.

Keywords:
Epidural analgesiaFailure rateTraining

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
03:14

Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Obstetric Anesthesiology
  • Clinical Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Lack of a universal definition for epidural failure leads to variable reported rates.
  • A modified Delphi approach standardized epidural failure definition among UK obstetric anesthesiologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a standardized definition for epidural failure.
  • To calculate institutional epidural failure rates using this new definition.
  • To analyze the impact of trainee experience on epidural outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1521 epidurals inserted between September 2010 and December 2011.
  • Data collected included pain relief efficacy, accidental dural puncture, epidural re-siting, and maternal satisfaction.
  • Trainee experience levels (Year 2-7) were correlated with failure and re-site rates.

Main Results:

  • Overall epidural failure rate was 23%.
  • Failure rates were significantly higher for Year 2, 3, and 4 trainees compared to Year 5 and above.
  • Higher re-site rates were observed in Year 2 and 4 trainees; higher accidental dural puncture rates in Year 3 trainees.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized definition allows for accurate calculation of epidural failure rates.
  • Trainee experience is a significant factor in epidural success.
  • Findings can inform training programs and provide support for junior doctors.