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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
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Overview
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The long noncoding RNA RMST interacts with SOX2 to regulate neurogenesis.

Shi-Yan Ng1, Gireesh K Bogu, Boon Seng Soh

  • 1Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.

Molecular Cell
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RMST is crucial for brain development, regulating neurogenesis by interacting with SOX2. This interaction is essential for SOX2 to bind gene promoters, controlling neural stem cell fate.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prevalent in mammalian brains.
  • Many lncRNAs play specific roles in neural development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanistic role of the lncRNA RMST in human neurogenesis.
  • To understand how RMST influences neural stem cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated RMST expression patterns in the brain.
  • Studied the physical interaction between RMST and SOX2.
  • Utilized RNA interference and genome-wide SOX2 binding assays.

Main Results:

  • RMST expression is brain-specific, increases during neuronal differentiation, and is regulated by REST.
  • RMST physically interacts with SOX2, a key transcription factor in neural fate determination.
  • RMST is essential for SOX2 binding to the promoter regions of genes involved in neurogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • RMST acts as a transcriptional coregulator for SOX2.
  • RMST is a critical regulator of neural stem cell differentiation and fate.
  • RMST plays an indispensable role in mammalian neurogenesis.