Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Correlations02:20

Correlations

Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply to Marco Moschini, Francesco Montorsi, Giuseppe Rosiello, Andrea Salonia, and Alberto Briganti's Letter to the Editor re: Stamatios Katsimperis, Lazaros Tzelves, Zafer Tandogdu, et al. Complications After Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with a Meta-regression Analysis. Eur Urol Focus 2023;9:920-9.

European urology focus·2024
Same author

Complications After Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with a Meta-regression Analysis.

European urology focus·2023
Same author

Thermal Strain During Open-Water Swimming Competition in Warm Water Environments.

Frontiers in physiology·2022
Same author

The thalamus and tinnitus: Bridging the gap between animal data and findings in humans.

Hearing research·2021
Same author

Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal).

Progress in brain research·2021
Same author

Separate auditory pathways for the induction and maintenance of tinnitus and hyperacusis?

Progress in brain research·2021
Same journal

Electrophysiologically-based electrode selection has the potential to improve speech perception in cochlear-implant users.

Hearing research·2026
Same journal

Multivariate prediction of conductive dysfunction in well and NICU newborns using wideband acoustic immittance with acoustic reflex tests.

Hearing research·2026
Same journal

TGF-β signaling regulates flat epithelium formation in severely injured adult mouse utricle through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Hearing research·2026
Same journal

Membrane scaffolding in auditory hair cells - a molecular tightrope walk enables lateral wall stiffness and flexibility.

Hearing research·2026
Same journal

Speech-in-noise recognition during hearing protector use: Human performance and acoustic prediction.

Hearing research·2026
Same journal

Estimation of hair cell loss from audiograms.

Hearing research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Cross-correlations between three units in cat primary auditory cortex.

Jos J Eggermont1, Raymundo Munguia, Gregory Shaw

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Hearing Research
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that standard methods overestimate true neuronal pair correlations in cat auditory cortex by up to twofold. This is likely due to common input, not direct interactions between neuron pairs.

Keywords:
AICFJPSTHJoint-Peri-Stimulus-Time Histogram, Joint-Peri-Spike-Time HistogramMSUPSTSDcharacteristic frequencymultiple single unitpost stimulus time, post spike timeprimary auditory cortexstandard deviation

More Related Videos

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat
09:43

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

Published on: December 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Investigating neuronal correlations is crucial for understanding neural circuit function.
  • Conventional methods may not accurately distinguish direct pairwise interactions from indirect influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a modified Joint-Peri-Stimulus-Time histogram (JPSTH) to disentangle true pair correlations from common input effects in the cat auditory cortex.
  • To quantify the overestimation of neuronal pair correlations by conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified JPSTH to decompose xy-pair correlations into components related to a trigger unit.
  • Analyzed spontaneous activity from 16 recording sets in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of cats.
  • Evaluated 11,282 conditional cross-correlation functions from multi-electrode recordings.

Main Results:

  • The conditional pair correlation, accounting for a trigger unit's influence, was estimated at 78% of the measured pair correlation.
  • Common input effects were found to decrease with distance from the trigger unit.
  • Estimated that common input could contribute 35-50% to the measured pair correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Conventional pair correlation measurements in the auditory cortex likely overestimate true pairwise neuronal interactions.
  • Massive common input significantly contributes to observed correlations, potentially inflating estimates by up to a factor of two.
  • The modified JPSTH offers a more refined approach to understanding neuronal communication dynamics.