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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Adaptive phenotypic diversification along a temperature-depth gradient.

Jan Ohlberger1, Åke Brännström, Ulf Dieckmann

  • 1Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. jan.ohlberger@bio.uio.no

The American Naturalist
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sympatric speciation, the evolution of new species from a single ancestral species coexisting in the same environment, can be driven by adaptations to different thermal habitats. This study models how fish in a German lake may have diverged into two species due to temperature differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Theoretical models propose sympatric speciation along environmental gradients.
  • A pair of coregonid fishes (Coregonus spp.) in a German lake is hypothesized to have originated via sympatric speciation.
  • These fish species segregate vertically and exhibit adaptations to different temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that adaptations to thermal microhabitats drove diversification in a postglacial lake.
  • To model the evolutionary process of sympatric speciation along a continuous environmental gradient.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an adaptive-dynamics model calibrated with empirical data.
  • Modeled the evolution of a quantitative trait: optimal foraging temperature.
  • Simulated evolutionary branching from a hypothetical ancestral population.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrated that evolutionary branching into two distinct phenotypes is plausible under the lake's specific conditions.
  • The model's results align with observed trait values and depth distributions of the two fish populations.
  • Divergent thermal adaptations were shown to be a potential driver of speciation.

Conclusions:

  • Divergent thermal adaptations along the temperature-depth gradient likely led to the observed sympatric speciation in coregonid fishes.
  • The study provides the first data-based model of evolutionary diversification along a continuous environmental gradient.
  • The findings support the role of environmental gradients in driving speciation.