A rare case of osteogenesis imperfecta combined with complete tooth loss

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder of the connective tissue characterized by blue sclerae, osteoporosis and bone fragility. Dentinogenesis imperfecta type I is commonly seen in OI patients, but other dental impairments, such as tooth agenesis or complete tooth loss, are rarely reported for these patients. Here, we report the case of a 37-year-old female Chinese OI patient who experienced complete tooth loss before puberty. The patient has a family history of OI and her father has a history of tooth loss. She showed obvious OI phenotypes, including a dwarfed stature, blue sclerae, scoliosis, pigeon chest and a history of fractures. Tooth loss began at the age of 6 years and continued until complete tooth loss at 20 years; this occurred in the absence of dental decay, gum disease, accidents or drug usage. Radiological studies revealed osteoporosis of the lower limbs and an underdeveloped scapula. Type I collagen gene analysis identified a known c.2314G>A (p.Gly772Ser) substitution in the COL1A2 gene, which we suggest affects the interaction between type I collagen and extracellular matrix proteins, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, phosphophoryn and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). In silico prediction indicated a relatively mild effect of the mutation, so it is conceivable that the severity of the clinical phenotype may result from additional mutations in candidate genes responsible for abnormal dental phenotypes in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an OI patient with a phenotype of complete tooth loss at a young age.