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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Mammalian miRNA curation through next-generation sequencing.

Miguel Brown1, Hemant Suryawanshi, Markus Hafner

  • 1Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study outlines criteria for curating human microRNA (miRNA) databases using next-generation sequencing data. Accurate miRNA databases are crucial for research in miRNA biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

Keywords:
RNA biogenesisannotationcurationmiRNAmiRNA profilingnext generation sequencingsmall RNAs

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the discovery of novel microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Small RNA sequencing data requires specific processing patterns for accurate miRNA identification.
  • Existing miRNA databases are vital resources for biological and clinical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish key criteria for curating mammalian, specifically human, miRNA databases.
  • To guide researchers in utilizing small RNA sequencing data for miRNA discovery and validation.
  • To emphasize the importance of high-quality miRNA databases for advancing miRNA-related research.

Main Methods:

  • Alignment of small RNA sequencing reads to reference genomic regions.
  • Identification of miRNA genes based on distinct read length and frequency distribution.
  • Assessment of predicted secondary structure of miRNA precursor molecules (stem-loop).
  • Consideration of evolutionary conservation of small RNAs across species.

Main Results:

  • Defined criteria for miRNA gene identification from sequencing data.
  • Highlighted the importance of read length, frequency distribution, and secondary structure.
  • Emphasized the role of evolutionary conservation as a supporting factor.

Conclusions:

  • Well-curated miRNA databases are essential for miRNA biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Adherence to established criteria ensures the reliability of miRNA data.
  • This work provides a framework for improving the quality and utility of miRNA databases.