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Related Concept Videos

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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Electron transfer in proteins: theory, applications and future perspectives.

Suwipa Saen-Oon1, Maria Fatima Lucas, Victor Guallar

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Nexus II Building, Barcelona, Spain. victor.guallar@bsc.es.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|August 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Computational methods now detail electron transfer (ET) mechanisms in biological systems. This review covers theories, contributions, and future perspectives for ET in medicine and bioengineering.

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Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
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Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

Published on: March 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Computational Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Electron transfer (ET) research has significantly advanced due to computational techniques.
  • In silico modeling tools now enable detailed understanding of ET mechanisms in complex biological systems.
  • This field is crucial for understanding biological processes and developing new technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of computational techniques for studying electron transfer.
  • To highlight major theoretical contributions and practical applications.
  • To discuss future perspectives and the importance of ET knowledge in medicine and bioengineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established theories and computational modeling approaches for electron transfer.
  • Analysis of key research contributions, including long-range and protein-protein ET.
  • Discussion of in silico modeling tools for complex biological systems.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding atomic-level details of ET mechanisms using computational methods.
  • Demonstration of the utility of various in silico tools for biological ET studies.
  • Identification of key areas for future research and application.

Conclusions:

  • Computational techniques have revolutionized the study of electron transfer in biological systems.
  • Fundamental knowledge of ET is vital for advancements in medical and bioengineering fields.
  • Applications include mitochondrial therapeutic targets, clean energy bioengineering, and biosensors.