Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Oncology
• Interventional Radiology

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
• Curative treatments like liver transplantation or surgical resection are only options for 20% of HCC patients.
• Locoregional therapies are crucial for managing HCC, with treatment choice dependent on tumor characteristics and liver function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current knowledge and future perspectives of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for HCC.
• To discuss technical advancements in RFA therapy for HCC.
• To explore emerging ablation techniques in HCC management.

Main Methods:

• Focus on percutaneous RFA therapy for HCC.
• Review of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies comparing RFA with other HCC therapies.
• Discussion of technical improvements and new ablation modalities.

Main Results:

• Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be safely performed for HCC via percutaneous, laparoscopic, or open approaches, even in patients with compromised liver function.
• Technical advancements in RFA have significantly improved the prognosis for HCC patients.
• RFA is a vital component in the multidisciplinary management of HCC.

Conclusions:

• Percutaneous RFA is an established and effective treatment for HCC, particularly for patients not suitable for curative surgery.
• Ongoing technical innovations in RFA and other ablation techniques continue to enhance HCC treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
• Further research into novel ablation strategies holds promise for improving HCC management.