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Related Concept Videos

Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Antidepressant Drugs: Overview01:25

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice
07:13

The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice

Published on: October 24, 2018

[Anhedonia in depression].

R Gaillard1, D Gourion, P M Llorca

  • 1Inserm UMR S894, service hospitalo-universitaire, laboratoire de physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, centre de psychiatrie et neurosciences, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France.

L'Encephale
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anhedonia, a key symptom in depression and schizophrenia, involves diminished pleasure and is linked to reward processing deficits. Understanding its neural basis aids diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
AnhedoniaAnhédonieCircuit de récompenseDépression majeureLoss of pleasureMajor depressive disorderMotivationPerte de plaisirReward neural network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Context:

  • Anhedonia, defined as diminished interest or pleasure, is a core symptom in major depression and schizophrenia.
  • Historically described by Ribot in 1896, its clinical definition has evolved with advances in behavioral neuroscience.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical concepts, neural underpinnings, and psychopharmacological aspects of hedonic deficits in depression.
  • To integrate recent findings in reward processing with the understanding of anhedonia.

Summary:

  • Anhedonia reflects deficits in hedonic capacity, impacting reward valuation, decision-making, anticipation, and motivation.
  • Key neural circuits involved include the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortical regions.
  • This review synthesizes clinical, neural, and psychopharmacological data on anhedonia in depression.

Impact:

  • Enhanced understanding of anhedonia can improve diagnostic accuracy for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Facilitates the development of targeted treatment strategies for conditions characterized by hedonic deficits.