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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

Memory loss during lenalidomide treatment: a report on two cases.

Adeline Rollin-Sillaire1, Xavier Delbeuck, Marianne Pollet

  • 1Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille F-59000, France. adeline.rollin@chru-lille.fr

BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Lenalidomide can cause significant cognitive impairment, particularly affecting memory, in multiple myeloma patients. Early detection and drug withdrawal may help in recovery from these chemotherapy side effects.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is frequently reported in patients undergoing chemotherapy or targeted therapies, often termed "chemo brain" or "chemo fog".
  • Various antineoplastic agents are implicated in causing these neurotoxic effects.

Observation:

  • Two male patients with multiple myeloma experienced severe, rapidly progressing cognitive impairment, primarily affecting episodic memory, during lenalidomide treatment.
  • Both patients also lost independence in daily living activities due to the cognitive decline.

Findings:

  • Withdrawal of lenalidomide led to full cognitive recovery and restoration of daily living independence in one patient.
  • The second patient experienced persistent mild cognitive impairment after drug withdrawal.
  • Naranjo scale scores indicated a probable causal link between lenalidomide and the observed adverse cognitive events.

Implications:

  • Lenalidomide may induce specific cognitive disorders, especially episodic memory deficits, in susceptible patients.
  • Risk factors such as prior chemotherapy, pre-existing mild cognitive impairment, advanced age, and cerebrovascular lesions may increase susceptibility to lenalidomide's neurotoxicity.