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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Published on: August 6, 2018

Attosecond pulse characterization.

G Laurent1, W Cao, I Ben-Itzhak

  • 1James R Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA. glaurent@phys.ksu.edu

Optics Express
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces iPROOF, a new method for characterizing attosecond pulses by converting them into electron wave-packets. It accurately determines spectral phase, revealing complex structures in attosecond pulse trains.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Attosecond Science
  • Atomic Physics

Background:

  • Characterizing ultrashort light pulses, particularly attosecond pulses, is crucial for understanding and controlling light-matter interactions.
  • Existing methods for spectral phase retrieval of attosecond pulses face limitations in accuracy and applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel, robust procedure for the unique determination of the spectral phase of attosecond pulses.
  • To apply this method for characterizing complex attosecond pulse trains and single attosecond pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Conversion of attosecond pulses into electron wave-packets via atomic photoionization in a weak infrared field.
  • Utilizing atomic physics principles to accurately account for photoionization processes.
  • Optimizing the fit of perturbation theory calculations to experimental data for phase evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the iPROOF (improved Phase Retrieval by Omega Oscillation Filtering) method for characterizing an attosecond pulse train.
  • Observed a significant phase shift between consecutive odd and even harmonics.
  • Revealed a complex structure in the attosecond pulse train, differing from the simple single-pulse-per-IR-cycle case.

Conclusions:

  • The iPROOF method provides a reliable way to uniquely determine the spectral phase of attosecond pulses.
  • The technique is applicable to both attosecond pulse trains and single attosecond pulses.
  • The findings highlight the complex nature of generated attosecond pulse trains and the utility of iPROOF in their characterization.