Excessive sleepiness and sleep patterns in patients with epilepsy: a case-control study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Sleep Medicine
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide.
• Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in patients with epilepsy (PWE).
• Understanding the prevalence and impact of sleep issues in PWE is crucial for comprehensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep quality, and sleep disorders in epilepsy patients.
• To compare sleep parameters between PWE and a healthy control group.
• To identify factors associated with sleep disturbances in PWE.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 140 patients with epilepsy in Florianopolis, Brazil, were assessed.
• Standardized questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Fletcher & Luckett Adapted Questionnaire (FLAQ) were used.
• Data were compared to a control group (n=85) using statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression.

Main Results:

• Patients with epilepsy (PWE) exhibited significantly higher scores on the ESS (indicating more EDS) and the PSQI's "daytime dysfunction" domain.
• PWE reported more symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea compared to controls.
• Age, male gender, secondarily generalized seizures, and phenobarbital use were correlated with poorer sleep quality and daytime dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• Patients with epilepsy demonstrate a higher burden of excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired sleep quality, and increased prevalence of sleep disorders.
• These findings highlight the need for routine screening and management of sleep disturbances in epilepsy care.
• Identifying associated factors can aid in personalized treatment strategies for PWE.