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Polarization conversion loss in birefringent crystalline resonators.

Ivan S Grudinin1, Guoping Lin, Nan Yu

  • 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA. grudinin@jpl.nasa.gov

Optics Letters
|August 14, 2013
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Summary

Investigating whispering gallery modes in birefringent crystalline resonators reveals that resonator shape and birefringence significantly impact extraordinary mode quality factors. Extraordinary modes can be suppressed, while ordinary modes maintain high Q due to inhibited reflection.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are crucial for optical resonators, enabling high-quality factor (Q) resonances.
  • Birefringent crystalline materials exhibit unique optical properties dependent on polarization and propagation direction.
  • Understanding mode behavior in birefringent resonators is essential for advanced optical device development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the influence of resonator geometry and material birefringence on WGMs in crystalline resonators.
  • To analyze the polarization-dependent behavior of WGMs and identify factors affecting their quality factors.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind mode suppression and high-Q retention in birefringent systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of XY-cut crystalline resonators using Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3), Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3), and Beta Barium Borate (BBO).
  • Experimental measurement of WGMs and their quality factors for both ordinary and extraordinary polarized modes.
  • Analysis of the impact of resonator shape and material birefringence on mode properties, including polarization conversion.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant influence of resonator shape and birefringence on the quality factor (Q) of extraordinary polarized modes.
  • Demonstrated that polarization conversion loss can lead to lower Q or complete suppression of extraordinary modes.
  • Confirmed that ordinary ray modes consistently retain high Q values, attributed to the inhibited reflection phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • Resonator design and material birefringence critically affect WGM performance in crystalline optical devices.
  • Polarization conversion is a key loss mechanism for extraordinary modes in these birefringent systems.
  • The inhibited reflection phenomenon effectively preserves high Q-factors for ordinary modes, offering a pathway for robust optical resonator design.