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Low-chirp high-extinction-ratio modulator based on graphene-silicon waveguide.

Longzhi Yang1, Ting Hu, Ran Hao

  • 1Department of Information Science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Optics Letters
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
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We developed a novel graphene-silicon waveguide Mach-Zehnder modulator. This device offers low driving voltage, high extinction, and minimal chirp, enabling efficient optical signal processing.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and optoelectronics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties offer potential for advanced optical devices.
  • Silicon photonics provides a mature platform for integrated optical circuits.
  • Developing efficient modulators is crucial for high-speed optical communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and theoretically analyze a hybrid graphene-silicon waveguide.
  • To demonstrate a Mach-Zehnder modulator utilizing this waveguide for optical signal processing.
  • To evaluate the modulator's performance in terms of driving voltage, chirp, extinction ratio, and insertion loss.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a lateral slot waveguide with embedded graphene layers.

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  • Design of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on the hybrid waveguide.
  • Simulation of modulator performance, including effective index variation, driving voltage, chirp parameter, extinction ratio, and insertion loss.

    • Main Results:

    • An effective index variation of approximately 0.05 was achieved by applying voltage to graphene.
    • A Mach-Zehnder modulator with a short arm length (43.54 μm) demonstrated a low driving voltage of 1 V.
    • The modulator achieved a high extinction ratio of 34.7 dB and a near-zero chirp parameter (-0.006).
    • Insertion loss was measured at approximately -1.37 dB, indicating efficient light transmission.

    Conclusions:

    • The hybrid graphene-silicon waveguide modulator is a promising device for efficient optical signal processing.
    • Its low power consumption, small footprint, and potential for ultrafast operation make it suitable for next-generation communication systems.
    • The modulator's CMOS compatibility further enhances its potential for integration into standard semiconductor fabrication processes.