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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:

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Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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Published on: May 30, 2020

Ethnic differences in respiratory impairment.

Carlos A Vaz Fragoso1, Gail McAvay, Thomas M Gill

  • 1Veterans Affairs Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, , West Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Thorax
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ethnic differences in respiratory impairment exist in aging populations. African Americans show high rates of lung function impairment linked to mortality, but not respiratory symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Spirometric Z scores using lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) account for age-related lung function changes.
  • The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) now offers LMS Z scores across multiple ethnicities, enabling ethnic comparisons in respiratory health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ethnic differences in respiratory impairment using GLI criteria in an aging population.
  • To assess the prevalence of airflow limitation and restrictive lung patterns across different ethnic groups.
  • To investigate the associations of these impairments with mortality and respiratory symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
  • Included participants aged 40-80 years.
  • Analyzed ethnic differences in GLI-defined respiratory impairment, mortality, and respiratory symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of airflow limitation was highest in White Americans (15.1%), followed by African Americans (12.4%) and Mexican Americans (8.2%).
  • Prevalence of restrictive pattern was highest in African Americans (8.0%), followed by White Americans (5.6%) and Mexican Americans (5.7%).
  • Airflow limitation was associated with increased mortality across all studied ethnic groups. Restrictive pattern was associated with mortality in White and African Americans.

Conclusions:

  • Significant ethnic variations in GLI-defined respiratory impairment were observed in aging adults.
  • African Americans exhibited a high prevalence of respiratory impairment linked to mortality, yet this was not associated with respiratory symptoms.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering ethnicity in the assessment and management of respiratory diseases in older populations.