Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Region-specific dysregulation of proline metabolic enzymes underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

The dual role of Schlafen11 in brain tumors: Jekyll and Hyde.

Expert review of anticancer therapy·2026
Same author

A protective role for APP in nuclear waste clearance via lysosomal exocytosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of human tauopathy brains suggests mitochondria-associated alterations.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience·2026
Same author

Unclassifiable senile plaques and extensive cerebral amyloid angiopathy involving spinal and bridging vessels in autopsied patients with Down syndrome.

Free neuropathology·2026
Same author

The mTOR-Dop1a-Agpat2 axis regulates nuclear phospholipid homeostasis.

iScience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Difference in MSA phenotype distribution between populations: genetics or environment?

Tetsutaro Ozawa1, Tamas Revesz, Dominic Paviour

  • 1Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, London, UK. ozawa@bri.niigata-u.ac.jp

Journal of Parkinson'S Disease
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) shows different pathological and clinical subtypes between British and Japanese populations. Further research is needed to understand the genetic and environmental factors influencing these variations in MSA.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pathology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multiple system atrophy (MSA) exhibits varying degrees of striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar involvement.
  • Clinical subtypes of MSA, such as MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) and MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C), show different prevalences across populations.
  • Previous studies suggest geographical variations in MSA subtypes, with European populations favoring MSA-P and Asian populations favoring MSA-C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in pathological involvement between British and Japanese patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA).
  • To explore potential reasons for the observed variations in MSA phenotype distribution across different populations.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-quantitative pathological analyses were conducted on MSA patient samples from the United Kingdom and Japan.
  • Comparison of clinical subtype frequencies (MSA-P vs. MSA-C) reported in epidemiological studies from Europe and Asia.

Main Results:

  • Olivopontocerebellar-predominant pathology was found to be more frequent in Japanese MSA patients compared to British MSA patients.
  • The pathological findings are consistent with observed differences in clinical subtypes, where MSA-P is more common in Europe and MSA-C in Asia.
  • Potential selection biases in previous studies should be considered when interpreting subtype frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct difference in phenotype distribution exists between British and Japanese populations with multiple system atrophy.
  • Modest alterations in susceptibility factors may contribute to these population-specific differences in MSA.
  • Future research should investigate synergistic interactions between genetic risk variants and environmental factors to elucidate the causes of MSA phenotype variations.