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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
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PCNA promotes processive DNA end resection by Exo1.

Xiaoqing Chen1, Sharad C Paudyal, Re-I Chin

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|August 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) acts as a crucial factor in DNA repair by promoting Exo1 enzyme activity at double-strand breaks. This interaction enhances DNA resection, a key step in the DNA damage response pathway.

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Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • DNA Repair Mechanisms

Background:

  • Exo1-mediated DNA resection is critical for DNA double-strand break repair and activating the ATR checkpoint.
  • The precise regulatory mechanisms governing Exo1's role in DNA resection are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel factors involved in the Exo1 resection pathway.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Exo1 during the DNA damage response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mammalian cells, Xenopus nuclear extracts, and purified protein systems.
  • Investigated the interaction between PCNA and Exo1 at DNA double-strand breaks.
  • Assessed the impact of PCNA on Exo1's DNA resection activity.

Main Results:

  • Identified the ring-shaped DNA clamp PCNA as a novel factor in Exo1-mediated DNA resection.
  • Demonstrated that PCNA loads onto double-strand breaks post-DNA damage.
  • Showed that PCNA directly interacts with Exo1, promoting its association with DNA and conferring processivity to resection.

Conclusions:

  • PCNA functions as a processivity factor for Exo1 during DNA resection, similar to its role with DNA polymerases in replication.
  • This finding reveals a new regulatory mechanism for Exo1 activity in the DNA damage response.
  • Highlights the multifaceted role of PCNA in maintaining genome stability.