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Language Delay in 3-Year-Old Children With ADHD Symptoms
Nina Rohrer-Baumgartner1, Pål Zeiner2, Patricia Eadie3
1Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ninamarit.rohrer-baumgartner@fhi.no.
Preschoolers with ADHD and language delay (LD) show cognitive deficits specific to both conditions, not global delays. This highlights the distinct cognitive profiles in children with co-occurring ADHD and LD.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Pediatric Cognition
Background:
- Cognitive functions in preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and co-occurring Language Delay (LD) are not well understood.
- Investigating these specific cognitive profiles is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare cognitive functions in preschoolers with ADHD and LD versus those with ADHD symptoms only.
- To determine the frequency of children presenting with ADHD symptoms, concurrent LD, and cognitive delays.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.
- Compared 119 three-year-olds with ADHD symptoms and LD against 258 children with ADHD symptoms only.
- Employed teacher reports for expressive language and standardized cognitive tests.
Main Results:
- The ADHD + LD group demonstrated significantly poorer performance on most language-related measures compared to the ADHD-only group.
- No significant differences were observed between the groups on most nonverbal cognitive measures.
- Individual cognitive measures showed limited ability to differentiate between the two groups.
Conclusions:
- ADHD symptoms combined with LD in preschoolers are associated with specific cognitive deficits linked to both conditions.
- These findings suggest that the cognitive impairments are not indicative of a global neurodevelopmental delay.
- The study underscores the importance of assessing both language and cognitive skills in preschoolers with ADHD.
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