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Updated: May 8, 2026

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
Published on: January 22, 2016
Differential relationships between set-shifting abilities and dimensions of insight in schizophrenia
J Diez-Martin1, M Moreno-Ortega, A Bagney
1Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Background:
To assess insight in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and to study its relationship with set shifting as an executive function.
Methods:
The insight of a sample of 161 clinically stable, community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia was evaluated by means of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). Set shifting was measured using the Trail-Making Test time required to complete part B minus the time required to complete part A (TMT B-A). Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationships of TMT B-A with different dimensions of general insight.
Results:
Regression analyses revealed a significant association between TMT B-A and two of the SUMD general components: 'awareness of mental disorder' and 'awareness of the efficacy of treatment'. The 'awareness of social consequences' component was not significantly associated with set shifting.
Conclusions:
Our results show a significant relation between set shifting and insight, but not in the same manner for the different components of the SUMD general score.
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