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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
05:51

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Hypoxia in atherosclerosis and inflammation.

Elke Marsch1, Judith C Sluimer, Mat J A P Daemen

  • 1Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht-CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|August 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia, or low oxygen, promotes atherosclerosis by affecting lipid metabolism and inflammation. New research highlights its role in plaque development and potential for novel imaging techniques.

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Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Hypoxia is increasingly recognized for its role in various physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Atherosclerosis pathogenesis involves complex cellular processes, with hypoxia emerging as a significant factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the presence and role of hypoxia in atherosclerosis.
  • To elucidate the interplay between hypoxic and inflammatory signaling pathways.
  • To discuss advancements in imaging techniques for detecting hypoxia in atherosclerotic plaques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on hypoxia and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking hypoxia to atherogenesis.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging imaging modalities for plaque hypoxia.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia is confirmed in human and animal atherosclerotic plaques, with systemic hypoxia exacerbating the condition.
  • Hypoxia promotes proatherosclerotic processes including impaired lipid efflux, inflammation, altered macrophage polarization, and dysregulated glucose metabolism.
  • Noninvasive imaging of plaque hypoxia is established in animal models, with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose showing potential as an indirect biomarker in humans.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia plays a significant proatherogenic role, particularly impacting macrophage lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation.
  • These findings offer novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
  • Advancements in imaging provide new avenues for noninvasive detection of human atherosclerotic plaques.