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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...

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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Refractory coeliac disease.

Georgia Malamut1, Christophe Cellier

  • 1Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou APHP, Paris, France. georgia.malamut@egp.aphp.fr

Current Opinion in Oncology
|August 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is difficult to diagnose and manage. This review details diagnostic features, lymphoma risk, and treatments for RCD types I and II, aiding clinical practice.

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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
07:06

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Published on: December 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is defined by persistent malnutrition and villous atrophy despite a strict gluten-free diet.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management of RCD remain challenging for clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic criteria for RCD Type I (RCDI) and RCD Type II (RCDII).
  • To discuss the risk of lymphoma development in RCD patients.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for RCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic features distinguishing RCDI and RCDII.
  • Analysis of RCDII as a pre-malignant condition with lymphoma transformation risk.
  • Summary of treatment options for RCD subtypes.

Main Results:

  • RCD is classified into RCDI (normal intraepithelial lymphocytes) and RCDII (abnormal intraepithelial lymphocytes).
  • RCDII carries a poor prognosis, associated with ulcerative jejunitis and potential transformation into high-grade lymphoma.
  • Distinct diagnostic markers and clinical outcomes differentiate RCDI and RCDII.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the differences between RCDI and RCDII is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Early identification of RCDII and its associated lymphoma risk is essential for timely intervention.
  • Tailored therapeutic approaches are necessary for managing RCD subtypes effectively.