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Updated: May 8, 2026

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
Published on: February 14, 2017
[Assessment of systolic function in patients with poor echogenicity: echocardiographic methods]
F Weidemann1, D Liu, M Niemann
1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland, Weidemann_F@medizin.uni-wuerzburg.de.
Abstract:
The visual echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function can be cumbersome, especially in patients with poor image quality. This review describes several alternative echocardiographic methods to determine LV systolic function: endocardial border delineation by contrast agents, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, mitral annular velocity derived from tissue Doppler, myocardial performance index, mitral regurgitation derived LV dP/dtMax and estimation of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography. The review introduces the respective methods along with the presentation of suitable measurements, clinical implications and methodological limitations.
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