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Cytochalasin B induces cellular DNA fragmentation.

M A Kolber¹, K O Broschat, B Landa-Gonzalez

¹Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|September 1, 1990

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Cytochalasin B induces cellular DNA fragmentation hours before cell membrane damage, suggesting a link to actin filament disruption. This fungal metabolite

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cellular DNA fragmentation can occur without plasma membrane damage.
Cytochalasin B, a fungal metabolite, affects cellular functions including DNA synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if cytochalasin B induces DNA fragmentation.
To determine the mechanism and timing of cytochalasin B-induced DNA fragmentation.

Main Methods:

Treatment of cell lines with cytochalasin B, cytochalasin E, and villin.
Observation of DNA fragmentation and plasma membrane integrity over time.
Inhibition studies using phorbol dibutyrate.

Main Results:

Cytochalasin B induced DNA fragmentation in multiple cell lines.

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DNA fragmentation preceded plasma membrane lysis and occurred over hours.

Cytochalasin E and villin also induced DNA fragmentation.

Phorbol dibutyrate inhibited cytochalasin B-induced DNA fragmentation dose-dependently.

Conclusions:

Cytochalasin B induces DNA fragmentation through its effects on actin filaments.
The mechanism involves disruption of the actin cytoskeleton prior to cell lysis.