Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corticotropin hormone assay interference: A case series.

Clinical biochemistry·2018
Same author

Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism: practical clinical perspectives.

Journal of internal medicine·2018
Same author

Long-term outcomes in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and pancreaticoduodenal neuroendocrine tumours.

Clinical endocrinology·2016
Same author

The secretion of urine by premature infants.

Archives of disease in childhood·2010
Same author

The secretion of urine by dehydrated and normal infants.

Archives of disease in childhood·2010
Same author

Protein Requirements of Infants: 3. The Nutrition of Premature Infants.

Archives of disease in childhood·2010
Same journal

How important is fiber in the Crohn's disease story?

Gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Critical Appraisal of the Integrin αV-YAP-CTGF Axis in Congestive Hepatopathy".

Gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Critical Appraisal of the Integrin αV-YAP-CTGF Axis in Congestive Hepatopathy.

Gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

A High-Risk Impaction: To Scope or to Stent First?

Gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Epithelial FOXP3 Orchestrates O-Glycosylated IL6 Secretion to Drive Pancreatic Fibrocarcinogenesis.

Gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Reply.

Gastroenterology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Generation of a Humanized Mouse Liver Using Human Hepatic Stem Cells
11:44

Generation of a Humanized Mouse Liver Using Human Hepatic Stem Cells

Published on: August 29, 2016

Human liver tyrosylsulfotransferase.

W F Young1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Gastroenterology
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tyrosyl-sulfotransferase, an enzyme crucial for peptide activity, is found in human liver membranes. Its activity varies significantly between individuals, suggesting a role in personalized posttranslational protein modification.

More Related Videos

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine
09:54

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

Published on: November 4, 2018

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies
09:51

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Published on: January 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Generation of a Humanized Mouse Liver Using Human Hepatic Stem Cells
11:44

Generation of a Humanized Mouse Liver Using Human Hepatic Stem Cells

Published on: August 29, 2016

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine
09:54

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

Published on: November 4, 2018

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies
09:51

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Published on: January 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Posttranslational Modifications

Background:

  • Tyrosine sulfation is a key posttranslational modification regulating peptide biological activity.
  • Cholecystokinin's activity relies on sulfation at its tyrosyl residue, highlighting the importance of this modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the subcellular distribution and biochemical properties of human liver tyrosyl-sulfotransferase (T-SULT).
  • To investigate interindividual variations in T-SULT activity and its potential implications for peptide sulfation.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed T-SULT activity using tert-butoxycarbonylcholecystokinin octapeptide as a substrate.
  • Determined subcellular localization through fractionation of normal human liver tissue.
  • Characterized enzyme properties including pH optimum and response to salts and detergents.

Main Results:

  • T-SULT activity was localized to the membrane-bound fraction of human liver.
  • The enzyme exhibited a pH optimum of 5.8 and was enhanced by MnCl2 and NaCl, but inhibited by detergents.
  • Significant twenty-fold interindividual variation in T-SULT activity was observed across 20 liver samples.

Conclusions:

  • Human liver T-SULT is a membrane-bound enzyme with specific biochemical characteristics.
  • Substantial interindividual differences in T-SULT activity suggest a basis for variations in peptide sulfation.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the physiological significance of T-SULT variations in human health.