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Connectivity.

Francisco Xavier Castellanos1, Samuele Cortese, Erika Proal

  • 1Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, Child Study Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, One Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA, Francisco.Castellanos@nyumc.org.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|August 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews macroscale structural and functional brain connectivity development using advanced imaging techniques. Understanding early brain network formation is key to addressing developmental psychopathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Neuronal connectivity is fundamental to brain function.
  • Macroscale connectivity is accessible via current neuroimaging technologies.
  • Understanding developmental connectivity is crucial for addressing psychopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in macroscale structural and functional brain connectivity research.
  • To highlight the application of neuroimaging techniques in studying developmental connectivity.
  • To emphasize the long-term goal of understanding connectivity's role in developmental psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Structural connectivity is primarily assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a type of diffusion-weighted imaging.
  • Functional connectivity is studied using task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies examine connectivity from infancy through development.

Main Results:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies reveal developmental trajectories of structural connectivity from birth.
  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) elucidates the organization of intrinsic connectivity networks (e.g., default mode network) from fetal life.
  • Key intrinsic connectivity networks include the default mode, dorsal attention, and frontal-parietal executive control networks.

Conclusions:

  • Maturing neuroimaging methods enhance the understanding of brain connectivity development.
  • Studying early connectivity provides insights into the neural substrates of developmental psychopathology.
  • This research supports the long-term goal of delineating the neurobiological underpinnings of developmental disorders.