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Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in Congenital Strabismus

Abbas Bagheri1, Mohammad Reza Fallahi, Shima Tamannaifard

  • 1Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research
|August 15, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Patients with congenital strabismus demonstrate lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores compared to the general population. This finding suggests potential genetic or strabismus-related factors influencing cognitive development in these individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital strabismus is a common ocular misalignment present from infancy.
  • The impact of congenital strabismus on cognitive function, specifically intelligence quotient (IQ), remains an area requiring further investigation.
  • Understanding potential cognitive deficits associated with strabismus is crucial for comprehensive patient care and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients diagnosed with congenital strabismus.
  • To compare the IQ scores of patients with congenital strabismus to the established normal population mean.
  • To explore potential correlations between IQ and factors such as amblyopia, refractive error, and strabismus type.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study enrolled 109 consecutive patients with congenital strabismus scheduled for surgery over one year.
  • Patients underwent evaluation for verbal, performance, and total IQ scores using standardized assessments.
  • IQ scores were compared to the mean normal IQ of 100±15, with statistical analyses performed for various subgroups.

Main Results:

  • The study included 109 patients (mean age 18.4±10.5 years), with 80% having less than high-school education.
  • Mean verbal IQ was 87.2±19.6, performance IQ was 81±15.5, and total IQ was 83.5±18.3, all significantly lower than the normal population (P<0.01).
  • Lower IQ levels were observed in patients with coexisting amblyopia and alternate deviations; urban residents had higher IQs than rural residents (P=0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Patients with congenital strabismus exhibited significantly lower mean IQ scores compared to the normal population.
  • The observed cognitive differences may be attributed to underlying genetic factors or acquired causes secondary to the strabismic condition.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex relationship between congenital strabismus and cognitive development.
Abstract

Keywords:
Horizontal StrabismusIntelligence Quotient (IQ)Vertical Strabismus

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