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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

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Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes
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Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

Published on: December 15, 2023

Learning, memory and brain plasticity in posttraumatic stress disorder: context matters.

Herta Flor1, Frauke Nees1

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience
|August 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves impaired contextual learning, alongside enhanced cue conditioning and delayed extinction. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in contextual memory, impacting PTSD development and maintenance.

Keywords:
Posttraumatic stress disorderbrain imagingcontext conditioningcue conditioninggenetics

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Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes
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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with altered learning and memory processes.
  • Previous research highlights enhanced cue conditioning and delayed extinction in PTSD.
  • The role of contextual learning in PTSD pathophysiology requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of contextual learning in the development and maintenance of PTSD.
  • To examine the neural underpinnings of contextual and cue learning in PTSD.
  • To explore the genetic associations with these learning processes in PTSD.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of high-risk rescue workers and cross-sectional analysis of trauma-exposed individuals.
  • Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess brain activity.
  • Analysis of genetic variants related to stress response and memory pathways.

Main Results:

  • Impaired contextual learning and memory, alongside enhanced cue conditioning and delayed extinction, are observed in PTSD.
  • Hippocampal dysfunction is linked to impaired contextual memory.
  • Amygdala and frontal cortex roles in cue conditioning and extinction, respectively, are confirmed.
  • Specific genetic variants are associated with cue and contextual conditioning, and play a role in PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Disturbed contextual learning is a significant factor in PTSD development and maintenance.
  • Hippocampal, amygdala, and frontal cortex functions are implicated in PTSD-related learning deficits.
  • Genetic factors influencing stress and memory pathways contribute to PTSD susceptibility and learning alterations.