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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

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Published on: September 3, 2014

Synaptic state-dependent functional interplay between postsynaptic density-95 and synapse-associated protein 102.

Stéphanie A D Bonnet1, Derya S Akad, Tanmoy Samaddar

  • 1Molecular Neurobiology and Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, European Neuroscience Institute, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|August 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity relies on AMPA receptor regulation. This study reveals how PSD-95 and SAP102 proteins interact, with PSD-95

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08:06

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Published on: September 3, 2014

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Published on: August 15, 2017

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Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Activity-dependent regulation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission is crucial for synaptic plasticity.
  • Discs large (DLG)-membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) proteins scaffold signaling molecules at synapses.
  • PSD-95 and SAP102 are key DLG-MAGUK proteins involved in synaptic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional interplay between PSD-95 and SAP102 in regulating synaptic AMPARs.
  • To determine the specific protein domains of PSD-95 required for autonomous function and interaction with SAP102.

Main Methods:

  • RNAi-mediated knockdown in rat and mouse hippocampal organotypic slice cultures.
  • Utilized a postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) knock-out mouse line.
  • Electrophysiological analysis to assess synaptic transmission and AMPAR function.

Main Results:

  • SAP102 protein levels double in the absence of PSD-95 during synaptogenesis.
  • PDZ3 and guanylate kinase domains of PSD-95 are essential for its autonomous regulation of synaptic AMPARs.
  • The Src homology 3 domain of PSD-95 mediates interaction with SAP102 to enhance AMPARs.

Conclusions:

  • PSD-95 exhibits domain-based multifunctionality in regulating excitatory synaptic transmission.
  • A novel domain-based interplay between PSD-95 and SAP102 scaffolds DLG-MAGUK family members.
  • These findings elucidate mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and AMPAR regulation.