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Updated: May 8, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
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Tissue-specific HIV-1 infection: why it matters.

Maile Ay Karris1, Davey M Smith

  • 1University of California, San Diego, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stein Clinical Research Bldg MC 0679, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Future Virology
|August 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primarily targets CD4+ T cells, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This review examines HIV-1 tissue-specific infections in the CNS, genital tract, and lymphoid tissue.

Keywords:
CNSHIV-1compartmentalizationgastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissuegenital tract

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibits specific tropism for CD4+ mononuclear cells, with activated CD4+ T lymphocytes being the primary target.
  • Depletion of these cells through viral replication, bystander apoptosis, and immune activation leads to progressive immunodeficiency, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of tissue-specific HIV-1 infection.
  • To explore the pathological manifestations of HIV-1 in various organ systems despite its specific cellular tropism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on HIV-1 tissue tropism and pathology.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system (CNS), genital tract, and gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 primarily infects and depletes CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing a decline in immune function.
  • Despite targeting specific cells, HIV-1 infection leads to pathology across multiple organ systems.
  • Specific review of HIV-1 tropism and pathology in the CNS, genital tract, and GALT.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tissue-specific HIV-1 infection is crucial for comprehending the systemic pathology of AIDS.
  • Further research into HIV-1's interaction with different tissues is necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies.