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Field Collection and Laboratory Maintenance of Canopy-Forming Giant Kelp to Facilitate Restoration
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Published on: June 7, 2024

Climate driven changes in subtidal kelp forest communities in NW Spain.

Sofie E Voerman1, Eva Llera, José M Rico

  • 1Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain. Sofie.Voerman@uts.edu.au

Marine Environmental Research
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Rising sea surface temperatures (SST) likely caused a significant kelp forest decline in Spain. Kelp loss led to simpler ecosystems, but some recovery is now observed in deeper waters.

Keywords:
AlgaeBay of BiscayBottom upClimate changeCommunity compositionFisheriesHabitat lossInvasiveLaminaria ochroleucaSea surface temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Oceanography
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Kelp forests are vital marine ecosystems providing habitat and coastal protection.
  • Significant declines in kelp forest extent have been observed globally.
  • North Western Spain experienced a substantial kelp forest loss around 2007.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and kelp forest decline in North Western Spain.
  • To understand the impact of rising SST on kelp forest community structure.
  • To assess potential recovery patterns of kelp forests.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data over thirty years.
  • Examination of changes in kelp forest species composition and vertical structure.
  • Utilizing fisheries landing data for kelp-associated species as an indicator.

Main Results:

  • Investigated SST characteristics impacting kelp abundance significantly increased over the past three decades.
  • Extreme SST values were recorded in the last decade, correlating with kelp decline.
  • Shift from diverse temperate forests to simpler warm-temperate understory communities observed.
  • Fisheries data supported the decline in kelp abundance.
  • Kelp recovery is emerging in deeper water zones.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) are a primary driver of kelp forest loss in North Western Spain.
  • The decline resulted in a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem complexity.
  • Deeper waters may offer a refuge for kelp recovery, indicating potential adaptation strategies.