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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Exo70 generates membrane curvature for morphogenesis and cell migration.

Yuting Zhao1, Jianglan Liu, Changsong Yang

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Developmental Cell
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Exo70 protein induces membrane curvature, forming tubular invaginations and cell protrusions. This membrane-bending function is crucial for cell migration and morphogenesis, linking actin dynamics to plasma membrane remodeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Dynamic plasma membrane shape changes are essential for cellular processes like migration and morphogenesis.
  • The exocyst complex plays a role in these cellular functions, but its specific mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Exo70, a component of the exocyst complex, in plasma membrane remodeling.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Exo70 influences membrane curvature and cell shape.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro experiments using synthetic vesicles to observe membrane deformation induced by Exo70.
  • Biochemical analyses with Exo70 mutants.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations based on Exo70 structure.
  • In vivo studies in cells to assess Exo70 function in protrusion formation and cell migration.

Main Results:

  • Exo70 induces tubular membrane invaginations in synthetic vesicles and protrusions on cell surfaces.
  • Exo70 generates negative membrane curvature via an oligomerization-dependent mechanism.
  • Exo70's membrane-deformation activity is essential for cell protrusion formation and directional migration.

Conclusions:

  • Exo70 is a novel membrane-bending protein.
  • Exo70 couples actin dynamics with plasma membrane remodeling, playing a critical role in morphogenesis and cell migration.