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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis01:30

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in critically...

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Custom-made Microdialysis Probe Design
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Trace elements in dialysis.

Guido Filler1, Sarah Felder

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, London Health Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5W9, guido.filler@lhsc.on.ca.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric dialysis patients require monitoring for trace elements, as renal replacement therapy can disrupt their balance. Elevated lead levels are common, necessitating monitoring due to neurodevelopmental toxicity risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • End-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children necessitates renal replacement therapy (RRT), impacting water-soluble ion homeostasis.
  • While essential ions are monitored, trace element handling during pediatric RRT is poorly understood.
  • RRT can cause imbalances in trace elements, leading to toxicity or deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review trace element handling in pediatric patients undergoing RRT.
  • To highlight the risks of abnormal trace element levels in this population.
  • To inform monitoring and intervention strategies for pediatric dialysis patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on trace element handling in pediatric dialysis.
  • Analysis of existing data on specific trace elements, particularly lead.
  • Synthesis of information regarding RRT's impact on trace element balance.

Main Results:

  • Children on RRT show a higher prevalence of elevated lead (Pb) levels compared to adults.
  • Lead toxicity poses significant risks to neurodevelopment in pediatric patients.
  • Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) deficiencies may also occur, increasing morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • Routine monitoring of lead levels is crucial for pediatric dialysis patients due to neurodevelopmental toxicity.
  • Consideration of zinc and selenium monitoring may be beneficial to prevent deficiency-related morbidity.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of trace element abnormalities and the efficacy of interventions.