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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
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Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Syndesmosis injuries.

Kenneth J Hunt1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, MC 6342, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA, kjhunt@stanford.edu.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, often from high-energy ankle trauma, present diagnostic and treatment challenges. This review covers syndesmosis anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, classification, and treatment, including novel suture button devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries frequently result from high-energy ankle trauma.
  • These injuries can be isolated or associated with ankle fractures, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Recent literature has expanded knowledge but controversies remain regarding diagnosis, implants, techniques, and postoperative care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries.
  • To discuss current understanding of injury mechanics, diagnosis, classification, and treatment options.
  • To highlight recent advancements, such as the use of suture button devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of syndesmosis injuries.
  • Discussion of anatomy, biomechanics, diagnostic modalities, and classification systems.
  • Evaluation of various treatment options, including surgical techniques and implants.

Main Results:

  • Syndesmotic injuries are complex and require careful diagnostic evaluation.
  • Treatment strategies vary, with ongoing debate regarding optimal approaches.
  • Novel devices like suture buttons show promise but require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of syndesmosis anatomy and biomechanics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • Controversies in diagnosis and treatment necessitate continued research and evidence-based practice.
  • The evolving landscape of treatment options, including new devices, offers potential for improved patient outcomes.