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Incision into the eastern Andean Plateau during Pliocene cooling.

Richard O Lease1, Todd A Ehlers

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Canyon incision in the Andes was driven by climate shifts, not just tectonic uplift. Cooling global temperatures enhanced moisture transport, triggering Pliocene canyon formation across the plateau.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Geology
  • Climatology

Background:

  • Canyon incision is often linked to tectonic surface uplift.
  • However, climatic changes can also drive canyon formation.
  • The eastern Andean Plateau features deep canyons crossing major deformation zones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers of canyon incision along the eastern Andean Plateau margin.
  • To differentiate between tectonic and climatic influences on canyon development.
  • To establish a timeline for geological and climatic events in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized (U-Th)/He thermochronology to date geological events.
  • Analyzed the spatial and temporal relationship between faulting and canyon incision.
  • Correlated geological findings with paleoclimate data, specifically sea surface temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Documented a shift from Miocene faulting to Pliocene canyon incision on the northeastern plateau margin.
  • Observed widespread Pliocene canyon incision coinciding with a global climate shift from warmth to cooling.
  • Identified enhanced moisture transport onto the plateau during late Pliocene cooling.

Conclusions:

  • Climatic changes, specifically late Pliocene cooling, were the primary drivers of canyon incision.
  • Sea surface temperature fluctuations influenced moisture transport, pacing canyon development.
  • Tectonic activity played a lesser role in the Pliocene canyon incision compared to climate.