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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Aging and speech perception: beyond hearing threshold and cognitive ability.

Leah Fostick, Elisheva Ben-Artzi, Harvey Babkoff

    Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
    |August 17, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Aging adults experience speech perception decline in noisy or fast conditions. Hearing sensitivity, not cognitive function, is the primary predictor of this age-related speech perception difficulty.

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    Area of Science:

    • Audiology
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Older adults often struggle with speech perception, particularly in noisy or rapid speech environments.
    • Explanations include age-related hearing loss or general cognitive decline.
    • This study investigates the roles of hearing sensitivity and cognitive factors in age-related speech perception deficits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the relative contributions of hearing sensitivity and cognitive functioning to age-related differences in speech perception.
    • To examine speech perception under challenging auditory conditions (noise, time compression).

    Main Methods:

    • Eighty-nine healthy participants (ages 21-82) with normal hearing thresholds were tested.
    • Speech perception was assessed in quiet, speech noise, white noise, and time-compressed speech (60% rate).
    • Hearing ability was evaluated using pure tone and click train thresholds; cognitive function was assessed via WAIS-III matrices and digit span.

    Main Results:

    • Aging did not significantly impact speech perception in quiet or white noise, though higher thresholds correlated with poorer perception in white noise.
    • Age significantly predicted declines in speech perception when speech was presented against speech noise or was time-compressed.
    • These age-related declines persisted even after accounting for hearing thresholds and cognitive function.

    Conclusions:

    • Hearing thresholds for short sounds are key predictors of speech perception in noise across all ages, linked to hearing sensitivity or temporal resolution changes.
    • Cognitive functioning does not predict the decline in speech perception for adults and aging individuals with preserved cognitive abilities.