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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through interaction...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Individual differences in chemotherapy-induced anticipatory nausea.

Marcial Rodríguez1

  • 1Laboratory of Comparative Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Granada Ceuta, Spain.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Anticipatory Nausea (AN), a chemotherapy side effect, is often linked to Pavlovian conditioning. However, alternative theories suggest these associations may not be essential for AN development in cancer patients.

Keywords:
chemotherapyclassical conditioningdifferencesnausearat

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Anticipatory Nausea (AN) is a significant chemotherapy side effect impacting cancer treatment adherence.
  • AN is commonly understood as a Pavlovian conditioning response to clinical stimuli.
  • Previous research proposed behavioral interventions based on the Pavlovian model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the Pavlovian conditioning model of Anticipatory Nausea (AN).
  • To discuss alternative theories and data challenging the necessity of CS-US associations for AN.
  • To suggest improvements for animal models of AN.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of existing data on Anticipatory Nausea.
  • Analysis of criticisms against the Pavlovian conditioning framework for AN.
  • Exploration of alternative theoretical explanations for AN.

Main Results:

  • Some studies question whether Pavlovian conditioning (CS-US associations) is necessary or sufficient for AN.
  • Alternative theories offer different perspectives on the mechanisms underlying AN.
  • The discussion highlights limitations in current models of AN.

Conclusions:

  • The Pavlovian model of AN may not fully explain the phenomenon.
  • Alternative theories warrant further investigation for a comprehensive understanding of AN.
  • Incorporating individual differences in animal models could enhance AN research.