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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

The impact of emotion on numerosity estimation.

Joseph M Baker¹, Katrina S Rodzon, Kerry Jordan

¹Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill Logan, UT, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology

|August 17, 2013

Summary

Emotional stimuli, like angry faces, improve the accuracy of visual numerosity estimation. This suggests emotions impact how we perceive quantities, similar to how they affect time perception.

Keywords:

Weber’s Law emotion numerical cognition quantitative discrimination quantity

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Psychophysics
Neuroscience

Background:

Time and numerosity perception share similarities, conforming to Weber's Law.
Emotional stimuli are known to influence time representation.
A shared cognitive basis for time and numerosity suggests emotions may also affect numerosity perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of emotional stimuli on the human estimation of visual numerosity.
To determine if emotional valence influences the accuracy of quantity perception.

Main Methods:

Participants performed a numerical bisection task.
Visual stimuli included emotional (angry faces) and neutral (neutral faces) stimuli.
Enumeration accuracy was compared between emotional and neutral conditions.

Main Results:

Enumeration of emotional stimuli (angry faces) was significantly more accurate than neutral stimuli.
Emotional stimuli demonstrably affect the visual representation of numerosity.
This effect parallels findings for emotional influence on time perception.

Conclusions:

Emotional stimuli, particularly negative ones, significantly influence psychophysical discriminations of quantity.
Findings support a common cognitive representation for time and numerosity, modulated by emotional valence.
This research broadens understanding of how emotions impact sensory perception and quantity estimation.