The EBM-DPSER conceptual model: integrating ecosystem services into the DPSIR framework.

Area of Science:

• Integrative environmental science
• Ecosystem management
• Human dimensions of ecology

Background:

• Current ecosystem management often focuses on single species or sectors, necessitating a shift to holistic, ecosystem-based approaches.
• Ecosystem services are crucial for management as they reflect societal values and benefits, linking human well-being to ecosystem health.
• Existing models like Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) primarily focus on negative impacts, limiting their scope for holistic management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and illustrate a novel conceptual model, the Driver, Pressure, State, Ecosystem service, and Response (EBM-DPSER) model, for integrating ecosystem services into ecosystem-based management.
• To enhance holistic ecosystem management by incorporating both positive and negative human-natural interactions.
• To provide a framework that aids in identifying trade-offs and improving management decisions within complex socio-ecological systems.

Main Methods:

• Developed the EBM-DPSER conceptual model by merging the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) framework with the concept of ecosystem services.
• Replaced the 'Impact' module of DPSIR with 'Ecosystem service' to explicitly include societal benefits and diverse ecosystem changes.
• Applied the EBM-DPSER model to the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas marine ecosystem for a case study analysis.

Main Results:

• The EBM-DPSER model successfully integrates biophysical and human dimensions, offering a more comprehensive understanding of ecosystem dynamics.
• The case study demonstrated the model's utility in capturing a wider range of human-natural interactions, including positive ecosystem changes.
• The model facilitates a clearer identification of trade-offs inherent in ecosystem management decisions.

Conclusions:

• The EBM-DPSER model provides a valuable operational tool for implementing ecosystem-based management by focusing on ecosystem services important to society.
• This integrated framework enhances holistic representation of ecosystem and human society interactions, improving management effectiveness.
• The EBM-DPSER model offers a familiar yet expanded framework for resource managers to address complex ecosystem challenges.