Related Experiment Videos
EURRECA-Estimating vitamin D requirements for deriving dietary reference values
Kevin D Cashman1, Mairead Kiely
1Vitamin D Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. k.cashman@ucc.ie
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|August 20, 2013
Summary
This study confirms 25-hydroxyvitamin D as a reliable vitamin D status marker. It also analyzed vitamin D intake-response and fortified food efficacy, identifying research needs for dietary reference values.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health Nutrition
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The European Micronutrients Recommendations and Relative European Dietary Intake (EURRECA) project (2008-2012) overlapped with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) revision of dietary reference intakes for vitamin D.
- EURRECA's vitamin D activities aimed to complement IOM's work and support risk assessors in setting dietary reference values.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate vitamin D biomarkers, dose-response relationships, and the efficacy of vitamin D-fortified foods.
- To estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake and identify research gaps for future assessments.
Main Methods:
- Three systematic reviews were conducted: biomarker evaluation, meta-analysis of vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D response in adults, and meta-analysis of vitamin D-fortified food efficacy.
- Narrative reviews estimated inadequate vitamin D intake prevalence and compiled research requirements.
Main Results:
- Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was confirmed as a robust biomarker of vitamin D status.
- Vitamin D-fortified foods increased 25(OH)D concentrations dose-dependently, but stronger data is needed on deficiency prevention and health outcomes.
- Inadequate vitamin D intakes were estimated in adults and children from international surveys.
Conclusions:
- EURRECA's vitamin D research provided valuable data complementing the IOM review and informing future dietary reference value setting.
- Further research is required on the efficacy of vitamin D-fortified foods for deficiency prevention and health benefits, as well as on adverse effects.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis
The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
01:28Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
01:28Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements
Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
01:18Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements
Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ meats, shellfish,...
01:25Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant
In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
01:25Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...