Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Elimination Kinetics: First-Order and Zero-Order01:05

Elimination Kinetics: First-Order and Zero-Order

Eliminating drugs from the body is a vital process that occurs through excretion or metabolism. Understanding the kinetics of drug elimination is crucial for drug development, dosage determination, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Drug clearance depends on the rate of drug elimination and its plasma concentration. Another important parameter is a drug's half-life, which is the time required for its concentration to decrease by half. In most cases, drug clearance follows first-order kinetics,...
Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas01:12

Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas

A mole is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. An Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856) formed the  hypothesis that equal volumes of gas at equal pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of molecules, independent of the type of gas. Later, the hypothesis was developed to form the SI unit for measuring the amount of any substance.
The number of molecules in one mole is called Avogadro's number...
Reaction Mechanisms: The Steady-State Approximation01:26

Reaction Mechanisms: The Steady-State Approximation

The steady-state approximation, also referred to as the quasi-steady-state approximation to differentiate it from a true steady state, is a widely used method for simplifying calculations in complex reaction mechanisms. This approach is particularly useful when dealing with multi-step reactions that involve reverse reactions or several steps, which can significantly increase mathematical complexity and make the reactions nearly unsolvable analytically.The steady-state approximation operates on...
Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation01:29

Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation

The rate-determining step, or RDS, in a chemical reaction is the slowest step that determines the overall reaction rate. It is identified by using the observed rate law and typically involves approximation methods like the RDS approximation or the steady-state approximation.In the RDS approximation, also known as the rate-limiting-step or equilibrium approximation, the reaction mechanism consists of one or more reversible reactions near equilibrium, followed by a slower RDS, and then one or...
Thermodynamic Processes01:25

Thermodynamic Processes

A thermodynamic process is a path through a sequence of states that takes a system from an initial state to a final state. In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the changes in state properties and state functions (ΔT, Δp, ΔV, ΔU, ΔH) over one complete cycle are zero. However, heat and work transfers can still occur during the cycle, and the net heat and net work over the cycle need not be zero.A reversible process occurs when the system is infinitesimally close to...
Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CMB and Energy Conservation Limits on Nanohertz Gravitational Waves.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Brief disruptions in capillary flow result in rapid onset of hypoxia.

Neurophotonics·2025
Same author

Capillaries susceptible to frequent stall dynamics revealed by comparing OCT and bessel-2PM measurements.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2025
Same author

Three-photon population imaging of subcortical brain regions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Optical coherence tomography enables longitudinal evaluation of cell graft-directed remodeling in stroke lesions.

Experimental neurology·2024
Same author

Optical coherence tomography enables longitudinal evaluation of cell graft-directed remodeling in stroke lesions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Preheating with nonminimal kinetic terms.

Hillary L Child1, John T Giblin, Raquel H Ribeiro

  • 1Department of Physics, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We simulated scalar fields with nonminimal kinetic terms, showing efficient universe repopulation via preheating. This process, involving parametric and self-resonance, matches traditional methods in effectiveness.

More Related Videos

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Preheating is a crucial mechanism for reheating the universe after inflation.
  • Nonminimal kinetic terms in scalar fields can significantly alter cosmological evolution.
  • Understanding early universe dynamics is key to explaining current cosmic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform the first (3+1)-dimensional numerical simulations of scalar fields with nonminimal kinetic terms.
  • To investigate the existence and stability of preheating with a Dirac-Born-Infeld inflaton coupled to a canonical matter field.
  • To analyze the efficiency of particle production in this nonminimal scenario.

Main Methods:

  • Full nonlinear (3+1)-dimensional numerical simulations.
  • Modeling a Dirac-Born-Infeld inflaton coupled to a canonical matter field.
  • Incorporating an expanding universe background.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the existence and stability of preheating in the simulated system.
  • Observed efficient repopulation of the universe with matter particles.
  • Confirmed that parametric resonance in the matter field and self-resonance in the inflaton drive particle production.

Conclusions:

  • Preheating with nonminimal kinetic terms is viable and efficient.
  • The simulated nonminimal inflaton model repopulates the universe comparably to traditional preheating.
  • These findings offer new insights into early universe cosmology and particle production mechanisms.