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Related Concept Videos

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

Effect of practice on consistency in performance technique.

S James Hoffman1

  • 1a Department of Physical Education , University of Pittsburgh.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Practice improved backward jump technique by reducing variability in hip and ankle landing angles and pre-takeoff joint velocities. Overall jump distance consistency remained unchanged despite skill refinement.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Learning
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Motor skills require precise coordination.
  • Practice influences variability in movement execution.
  • Understanding skill refinement is crucial for performance enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of practice on within-subject variability in a closed motor skill.
  • To analyze changes in performance technique during skill acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rapid-speed photography to capture 80 trials of a backward jump for distance.
  • Analyzed photographs from early, midway, and late practice sessions.
  • Measured distance, landing joint angles (hip, ankle), and pre-takeoff joint velocities.

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Main Results:

  • Mean jump distance and its variability remained constant throughout practice.
  • Variability in hip and ankle angles during landing significantly decreased with practice.
  • Variability in joint velocities prior to takeoff also decreased with practice.

Conclusions:

  • Practice refines the technique of closed motor skills by reducing kinematic variability.
  • Performance outcome (distance) may be less sensitive to technique changes than movement execution.
  • Skill-specific analyses are important for understanding motor learning effects.