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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...

Residual Stresses in Bending

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Plastic Deformations

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

Forefoot deformation during stance: does the forefoot collapse during loading?

S Duerinck¹, F Hagman, I Jonkers

¹Department of Experimental Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Research Unit Advanced Rehabilitation Technology and Science (ARTS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Research Unit Advanced Rehabilitation Technology and Science (ARTS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.

|August 20, 2013

Summary

The human forefoot transforms from a flexible to a rigid structure during walking. This study reveals the forefoot is a stable, not collapsing, structure during the stance phase.

Keywords:

Deformation Forefoot Gait Kinematics Plantar pressure

More Related Videos

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human locomotion
Foot function

Background:

Understanding forefoot deformation during walking is crucial for analyzing foot function and diagnosing related pathologies.
Previous research has not fully elucidated the dynamic changes in forefoot structure throughout the stance phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the three-dimensional deformation of the forefoot during the normal human walking stance phase.
To characterize the dynamic changes in forefoot width, metatarsal arch height, and plantar pressure distribution.

Main Methods:

Combined analysis of pressure platform, forceplate, and six-camera 3D optoelectronic motion capture.
Tracking of five reflective skin markers on the forefoot in forty healthy subjects.
Simultaneous high-frequency data acquisition (up to 1250 Hz) for detailed motion analysis.

Main Results:

Forefoot exhibits a flexible configuration at the start of stance, with decreased arch height and increased width.
Forefoot transitions to a stable configuration during midstance.
Forefoot becomes a rigid configuration by final stance, with increased arch height and decreased width.

Conclusions:

The human forefoot dynamically changes from a compliant to a rigid structure during the stance phase of walking.
This transformation demonstrates the forefoot's role as a stable, load-bearing structure, refuting the notion of it being a collapsing element.