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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
08:39

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

Climate extremes and the carbon cycle.

Markus Reichstein1, Michael Bahn, Philippe Ciais

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. markus.reichstein@bgc-jena.mpg.de

Nature
|August 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate extremes like droughts can decrease ecosystem carbon stocks, potentially offsetting increased terrestrial carbon uptake. This study explores these impacts on the global carbon cycle.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Ecology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • The terrestrial biosphere plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle.
  • Environmental changes are projected to increase global terrestrial carbon uptake.
  • Climate extremes can negatively impact regional ecosystem carbon stocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms and impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
  • To propose methods for improving the understanding of climate extremes' effects on the terrestrial carbon budget.
  • To assess the future implications of climate extremes for the global carbon balance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on climate extremes and terrestrial carbon cycling.
  • Analysis of observational data and climate models related to ecosystem responses.
  • Synthesis of mechanisms driving carbon stock changes during extreme events.

Main Results:

  • Climate extremes, such as droughts and storms, can cause significant decreases in regional ecosystem carbon stocks.
  • These decreases have the potential to counteract anticipated increases in global terrestrial carbon uptake.
  • The terrestrial carbon budget is highly sensitive to the frequency and intensity of climate extremes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the impact of climate extremes is vital for accurate climate change projections.
  • Further research is needed to refine models and predictions of the terrestrial carbon cycle under changing climate conditions.
  • Mitigation and adaptation strategies must consider the disruptive effects of climate extremes on natural carbon sinks.