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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
08:34

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Published on: April 13, 2015

Telomere dynamics in mice and humans.

Rodrigo T Calado, Bogdan Dumitriu

    Seminars in Hematology
    |August 20, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Telomere length and maintenance differ significantly between humans and mice, impacting disease phenotypes. Despite sharing similar telomere structures, species-specific differences in telomere length and telomerase function lead to divergent health outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Telomeres protect chromosome ends, shortening with cell division.
    • Telomerase counteracts telomere shortening in specific cells.
    • Telomere maintenance is crucial for genomic stability and organismal health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the divergent phenotypes of telomere maintenance and telomerase function in humans and mice.
    • To understand how differences in telomere length and telomerase activity affect disease manifestation across species.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of telomere length and telomerase function in human and murine models.
    • Review of existing literature on telomere-related pathologies in both species.
    • Phenotypic correlation studies linking telomere abnormalities to specific diseases.

    More Related Videos

    Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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    Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

    Published on: May 22, 2013

    Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
    11:21

    Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

    Published on: August 30, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 8, 2026

    Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
    08:34

    Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

    Published on: April 13, 2015

    Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
    12:08

    Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

    Published on: May 22, 2013

    Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
    11:21

    Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

    Published on: August 30, 2024

    Main Results:

    • Human and mouse telomeres have identical sequences but differ greatly in length (mouse telomeres are 5-10x longer).
    • Telomerase deficiency causes severe phenotypes in humans (organ defects, cancer) but mild phenotypes in mice.
    • Telomerase-null mice show modest hematopoietic deficiency and emphysema upon smoke exposure, unlike human patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite conserved telomere function, species-specific differences in telomere length and telomerase activity result in divergent disease pathologies.
    • Telomere length is a critical factor influencing the phenotypic consequences of telomerase deficiency.
    • Understanding these species-specific differences is vital for developing targeted therapies for telomere-related diseases.