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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging
07:28

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Published on: November 19, 2012

Real-time in vivo computed optical interferometric tomography.

Adeel Ahmad1, Nathan D Shemonski, Steven G Adie

  • 1Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Nature Photonics
|August 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution in vivo tomography of scattering tissues is now achievable using 3-D Fourier-domain resampling and high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT). This breakthrough enhances depth sensitivity and extends the field of view for cellular-level imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Optical Microscopy
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • High-resolution tomography of scattering tissues is crucial for medicine and biology.
  • Current limitations include trade-offs between resolution and depth-of-field, and low sensitivity in deep tissues.
  • Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) offers high-resolution volumetric tomography but faces challenges in clinical applications due to reconstruction time and *in vivo* phase stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for high-resolution *in vivo* tomography of scattering tissues.
  • To overcome limitations of existing computed imaging techniques for cellular-level volumetric imaging.
  • To enable real-time, high-speed volumetric imaging with enhanced depth sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of 3-D Fourier-domain resampling with high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • Development of techniques to achieve high-resolution volumetric reconstructions in real time.
  • Methods to enhance depth sensitivity and extend the effective depth-of-field.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high-resolution *in vivo* tomography of scattering tissues.
  • Achieved real-time volumetric reconstructions, significantly reducing postprocessing time.
  • Enhanced depth sensitivity and extended the depth-of-field by over an order of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of 3-D Fourier-domain resampling and high-speed OCT enables unprecedented *in vivo* volumetric tomography.
  • This approach overcomes previous limitations in resolution, depth-of-field, and processing speed.
  • Lays the foundation for future high-speed, cellular-level volumetric tomography in clinical diagnostics.