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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...

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Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice
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Ionizing radiation and atherosclerosis: current knowledge and future challenges.

Andrea Borghini1, Emilio Antonio Luca Gianicolo, Eugenio Picano

  • 1CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.

Atherosclerosis
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
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Low-dose radiation may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but the exact risk and threshold are unclear. Further research is needed to understand these effects, especially in occupational and medical settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Radiation Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation are debated.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest a link between low-dose radiation and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • The precise CVD risk quantification below 500 mSv and the existence of a threshold dose remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on cardiovascular health.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cardiovascular effects.
  • To identify research gaps and future directions for understanding low-dose radiation cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies on radiation exposure and CVD.
  • Analysis of in vitro and experimental model data on radiation-induced cardiovascular effects.
  • Assessment of studies using imaging surrogate endpoints and cardiovascular biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Low-dose radiation exposure may be associated with early signs of cardiovascular alterations.
  • Mechanisms like endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress play a role.
  • High-dose radiation accelerates atherosclerosis, while low-dose effects can be both protective and detrimental.

Conclusions:

  • Further studies on radiation-exposed cohorts are essential to explore biological mechanisms.
  • Functional imaging and cardiovascular biomarkers are crucial for assessing low-dose radiation cardiovascular risk.
  • Understanding this risk is vital for occupational exposure and modern medical practices.