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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
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Wormian bones: a review.

Sharath S Bellary1, Ashley Steinberg, Nadine Mirzayan

  • 1Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St George's University, Grenada, West Indies.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wormian bones are extra ossicles in the skull, often found in sutures or fontanelles. Their formation may involve genetic and environmental factors, influencing diagnoses of genetic disorders.

Keywords:
anatomybonescraniosynostosisheadosteogenesis imperfecta

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial anatomy
  • Developmental biology
  • Medical diagnostics

Background:

  • Wormian bones, or accessory ossicles, are irregular bone deposits within cranial sutures.
  • They are most commonly observed in the lambdoid and coronal sutures, and posterior fontanelles.
  • The precise etiology of Wormian bone formation remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the formation, location, and clinical significance of Wormian bones.
  • To explore proposed factors contributing to their development.
  • To highlight their role in diagnosing genetic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical and genetic studies on Wormian bones.
  • Analysis of factors influencing ossification and sutural development.
  • Examination of clinical case studies and diagnostic applications.

Main Results:

  • Wormian bones arise from accessory ossification centers in the cranium.
  • Formation is linked to dural strain and increased sutural width, influenced by mechanical stress or metabolic bone diseases.
  • Their presence and characteristics can vary based on the underlying cause.

Conclusions:

  • Wormian bones are significant anatomical variations with potential links to genetic and environmental influences.
  • They serve as crucial diagnostic markers for autosomal dominant genetic disorders such as craniosynostosis and osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of their formation.