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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Caseous mitral annular calcification: Is it a benign condition?

Mohammad Akram1, Adel M Hasanin

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Arryan Hospital, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caseous mitral annular calcification (CMAC), a rare variant of mitral annular calcification, is under-recognized and linked to stroke. Early diagnosis via echocardiography is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient care.

Keywords:
Caseous mitral annular calcification (CMAC)Mitral annular calcification (MAC)StrokeTrans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE)

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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Published on: February 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Caseous mitral annular calcification (CMAC) is a distinct form of mitral annular calcification characterized by central liquefaction necrosis.
  • While echocardiographic prevalence is low (approx. 0.6% in MAC patients), necropsy studies suggest a higher prevalence (2.7%), indicating under-recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the association between CMAC and cerebrovascular events.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate CMAC diagnosis and its implications for patient management.

Main Methods:

  • A case report detailing a patient with recent stroke.
  • Diagnosis of CMAC was established using trans-thoracic echocardiogram and confirmed with trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE).

Main Results:

  • The study presents a case of stroke directly associated with CMAC.
  • Echocardiography (TTE and TEE) effectively diagnosed CMAC in this patient.

Conclusions:

  • CMAC is an underappreciated condition that can lead to serious complications such as stroke.
  • Accurate diagnosis of CMAC is essential to avoid misdiagnosis as cardiac tumors or abscesses, preventing unnecessary interventions.